Follow the birds

There are at least twelve individual birds depicted on the Mala stones. There are many more drawings that could indicate symbolic birds or groups of birds in flight. Since the Yanesha, on the eastern side of the Andes dropping down towards the Amazon recognise the seasonal swallows as markers of the farming and ritual calendar, perhaps there is more information here than is immediately obvious.

The two most interesting birds are on the southern face of Pariacaca rock, both flying upwards. They are drawn in a similar style, in line on the right of the rock, with broad filled in bodies. The upper bird has a patch on its chest, and wings which sweep out and back, with a blunt forked tail. The lower has two patches, one on the head on and one on the chest, and its wings sweep straight outwards.

Both are drawn beautifully but somewhat stylised. They appear to have been drawn together, of a similar size, as part of the same tableau. But their markings and wing shapes are different.

There are 21 species of swallow or martin of the family Hirundinidae in Peru, as expected given the ecological diversity of the country.

The Blue and White Swallow arrives in April to the coast and valleys up to 4200 metres. It has a forked sharp tail and its entire underparts are white. A similar, Pale Footed Swallow only appears above 2000 metres. It has whitish underparts but a red throat. It is common on the eastern side of the Andes, in areas where the Yanesha live.

The Tawny Headed Swallow is a rare migrant from April to October, to a riverine forest in the south of the country in Madre de Dios.

Several of these are known almost entirely in the Amazon, or the eastern side of the Andes, such as the White Thighed Swallow, the White Banded Swallow. BCM, PFS, GBM, SM, WWS, WRS,  or are very rare visitors PM,

The Peruvian Martin is seen only rarely along the coast up to 100 metres, nesting on coastal cliffs. It has little colouration on its underparts.

The Bank Swallow has a white throat and chest, with a”conspicuous brown band ” across the breast. It is widespread throughout Peru, but is a migrant, moving from  August to April from region to region. It would appear then to be a perfect seasonal indicator.

The Barn Swallow similarly ranges throughout the country from October to April. It generally has a white chest and a rufous neck. The Cliff Swallow has the same distribution and migrant habits with slightly different colouring. The Chestnut Coloured Swallow likewise has a band between its white underparts and white throat. It is seen on the coast generally to the north of Lima.

It is interesting to see that as in the Yanesha world, there are swallows that arrive in April and stay till October, and others that arrive in August or October and leave in April.

The wonderful and definitive Birds of Peru, a Helm Field Guide with five collaborating authors, dedicates eight pages of text and drawings to twenty-one species. The implication is the same, that the Barn Swallow and the Bank Swallow are the most probable models for the images on the rocks. Both birds leave in April, the time of the setting of the Pleaides or Oncoy, the time of the Pariacaca festivities.

There are other birds with outspread wings and forked tails on the Rock of the Llamas, at the northern end of the orchards. They are drawn in a very different style, a different hand. There are three of them on this rock, all flying upwards, with the head turned to one side.

 

 

 

The stone of the Howler Monkey which is unique in many ways, has five ominous hovering birds which are not seen on any other of the panels. They appear similar to some seabirds, and the bus from Cañete to Huancor has a logo which is identical. They could represent the frigate bird, with its wide wings and long tail,